Palakkad has a long and fascinating history shaped by its strategic location at the Palakkad Gap, a natural passage through the Western Ghats. The early history of the region is not fully documented, but historical accounts suggest that the area may have been associated with the Pallava dynasty of Kanchi during the early centuries AD. The region was later ruled by the Perumals and, after their period of rule, came under several local chieftains, including the rulers of Valluvanad, Vengunad and Palakkad.

During the 18th century, Palakkad became an important centre in the political struggles of southern India. In 1757, the Zamorin of Calicut invaded Palakkad, and the Raja of Palakkad sought assistance from Hyder Ali of Mysore. Hyder Ali’s intervention forced the Zamorin to retreat. Subsequently, Hyder Ali brought the Palakkad region under Mysore control, and the area was later ruled by his son, Tipu Sultan.

The conflicts between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company eventually resulted in the transfer of Mysore’s possessions in Malabar to the British. Palakkad subsequently became part of the Malabar District under the Madras Presidency.

The modern administrative history of Palakkad began on 1 January 1957, when Palakkad District was formed with Palakkad, Perinthalmanna, Ponnani, Ottapalam, Alathur and Chittur taluks. Later administrative changes followed, particularly after the formation of Malappuram District in 1969. Several areas were transferred between districts, and Mannarkkad became a separate taluk.

In 2013, Ottapalam taluk was divided and Pattambi taluk was formed. Over the years, Palakkad has continued to develop as an important agricultural, cultural, educational and industrial centre of Kerala.

Today, Palakkad is known for its rich historical heritage, Palakkad Fort, traditional cultural practices, agricultural landscapes and its important geographical position as the gateway between Kerala and the neighbouring regions of Tamil Nadu and the rest of India.